Karamö, le prof virtuelLeçon 2 sur 15
To have (le verbe avoir)
Je sais conjuguer le verbe to have au présent et au passé, former ses négations et ses questions, et l'employer pour parler de ce que je possède et de ce que je fais.
- 45 min
- 5 exercices corrigés
- 1 schéma
- QCM de 5 questions
À la fin de la leçon, tu sauras :
- Conjuguer to have au présent (have, has) et au passé (had)
- Former la négation et la question avec do / does / did, et connaître have got
- Employer have dans les expressions courantes (have breakfast, have a shower, have a good time)
Avant de commencer : Les pronoms personnels sujets et le verbe to be (leçon précédente).
1Je découvre
Ousmane habite à Kankan. Il veut écrire à son correspondant pour lui parler de sa famille et de ses affaires d'école. Il commence ainsi :
« I have a big family. My father have a shop in the market. My sister have a bicycle. »
Son grand frère, étudiant en anglais, relit la lettre et corrige deux fois le même mot : have devient has après my father et my sister. Ousmane est surpris : « Pourquoi le verbe change ? En français, on dit bien "il a" et "elle a" avec le même mot ! »
Justement : en anglais aussi, il a et elle a utilisent la même forme, mais cette forme est has, et non have. Le verbe to have (avoir) est, avec to be, l'un des deux verbes les plus importants de l'anglais. Il sert à parler de ce que l'on possède, de sa famille, de ses caractéristiques physiques, et aussi de nombreuses actions de la vie quotidienne, comme prendre son petit-déjeuner.
Comment conjuguer le verbe to have, et comment l'employer correctement dans des phrases affirmatives, négatives et interrogatives ?
2Je comprends
1. To have au présent : la forme affirmative
Au présent, to have n'a que deux formes : have et has.
| Pronom | Forme | Contraction | Traduction |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I have | I've | j'ai |
| you | you have | you've | tu as |
| he / she / it | he / she / it has | he's / she's / it's | il / elle a |
| we | we have | we've | nous avons |
| you | you have | you've | vous avez |
| they | they have | they've | ils / elles ont |
La règle est simple : has s'emploie avec he, she, it et tout nom au singulier ; have s'emploie avec toutes les autres personnes.
- *My mother has a garden.*
- *Guinea has four natural regions.*
- *My friends have new school bags.*
Attention : la contraction he's peut vouloir dire he is ou he has. Au collège, pour le sens « posséder », il vaut mieux écrire la forme pleine : He has a bike.
2. La négation et la question avec do / does
Quand have signifie posséder, on forme la négation et la question avec l'auxiliaire do, comme pour les autres verbes au présent simple.
| Forme | I, you, we, they | he, she, it |
|---|---|---|
| Négative | I don't have a car. | She doesn't have a car. |
| Interrogative | Do you have a car? | Does she have a car? |
| Réponse courte | Yes, I do. / No, I don't. | Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. |
Retiens bien ceci : après does ou doesn't, on écrit have, jamais has. Le « s » est déjà dans does.
- *Does your brother have a phone?* (et non ~~Does your brother has~~)
3. Une autre forme : have got
En anglais britannique, on dit souvent have got (ou has got) pour la possession. Le sens est le même.
- I have got two sisters. = I've got two sisters. = I have two sisters.
- Négation : *She hasn't got a bike.*
- Question : *Have you got a pen? — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.*
Avec have got, on n'utilise pas do : c'est have lui-même qui fait la négation et la question. Ne mélange jamais les deux : ~~Do you have got~~ est faux.
- I have a pen.
- She doesn't have a pen.
- Do you have a pen?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
- I have got a pen.
- She hasn't got a pen.
- Have you got a pen?
- Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
4. Les emplois de to have
To have sert à parler :
- de la possession : We have a small farm near Mamou.
- de la famille et des relations : Mariama has three cousins.
- des caractéristiques physiques : He has short hair. She has brown eyes.
- des maladies : I have a headache (j'ai mal à la tête). He has a cold (il est enrhumé). She has malaria.
Il sert aussi dans beaucoup d'expressions d'action, où il ne signifie plus « posséder » mais « prendre, faire » :
| Expression | Sens |
|---|---|
| have breakfast / lunch / dinner | prendre le petit-déjeuner / déjeuner / dîner |
| have a shower / a bath | prendre une douche / un bain |
| have a rest | se reposer |
| have a good time | bien s'amuser |
| have a party | faire une fête |
| have a lesson | avoir cours |
Dans ces expressions, have est un verbe d'action : il peut se mettre à la forme en -ing (We are having lunch now), et sa négation se fait toujours avec do (I don't have breakfast at school). On ne dit pas have got dans ces expressions.
5. To have au passé : had
Au passé, to have a une seule forme pour toutes les personnes : had.
- I had a fever last week. She had a good time at the wedding.
- Négation : didn't have : We didn't have electricity yesterday.
- Question : Did you have breakfast? — Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Après did et didn't, on revient à la base have.
Méthode
Pour employer to have sans erreur :
- Je repère le sujet : he, she, it ou un nom singulier → has ; les autres → have.
- Je repère le temps : au passé, toutes les personnes → had.
- Pour une négation ou une question au présent : do / does + have (jamais does + has).
- Au passé : didn't have, Did … have ?
- Si j'utilise have got : négation haven't got / hasn't got, question Have … got ? sans do.
Exemple
Complete with have or has.
a) Sékou ... a new football. → Sékou = he → Sékou has a new football.
b) My parents ... a shop in Labé. → parents = they → My parents have a shop in Labé.
c) The cat ... green eyes. → the cat = it → The cat has green eyes.
d) You ... a nice voice. → you → You have a nice voice.
Exemple
Transform: "Fanta has a radio."
Negative: Fanta doesn't have a radio. (doesn't + have, sans s)
Question: Does Fanta have a radio? — Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
With have got: Fanta has got a radio. → Fanta hasn't got a radio. → Has Fanta got a radio?
Past: Fanta had a radio. → Fanta didn't have a radio. → Did Fanta have a radio?
3Je retiens
Je retiens
Présent : I, you, we, they have ; he, she, it has.
Négation et question : don't / doesn't have ; Do / Does + sujet + have ? (jamais « does … has »).
Have got : I have got, she has got ; haven't got / hasn't got ; Have you got … ? (sans do).
Passé : had à toutes les personnes ; didn't have ; Did … have ?
Emplois : possession, famille, aspect physique, maladies (I have a headache).
Expressions : have breakfast, have a shower, have a rest, have a good time.
4Erreurs fréquentes
- Écrire « he have » ou « my sister have » : avec he, she, it ou un nom singulier, on écrit has.
- Garder has après does : on écrit « Does she have a pen? », pas « Does she has a pen? ».
- Mélanger do et have got : on dit « Have you got a pen? » ou « Do you have a pen? », jamais « Do you have got a pen? ».
- Utiliser have pour l'âge ou la faim : on dit « I am hungry, I am 13 », pas « I have hunger, I have 13 years ».
5Je m’exerce
1Exercice 1
Complete with have or has.
a) I ... two brothers.
b) Mamadou ... a big dog.
c) We ... English on Mondays.
d) The school ... a large yard.
e) My cousins ... a farm in Kissidougou.
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) I have two brothers.
b) Mamadou has a big dog.
c) We have English on Mondays.
d) The school has a large yard. (the school = it)
e) My cousins have a farm in Kissidougou.
2Exercice 2
Make the sentences negative and ask the question (use do / does).
a) She has a computer.
b) They have a car.
c) Ibrahima has a sister.
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) She doesn't have a computer. — Does she have a computer?
b) They don't have a car. — Do they have a car?
c) Ibrahima doesn't have a sister. — Does Ibrahima have a sister?
3Exercice 3
Rewrite the sentences with have got.
a) I have a new pen.
b) My father has a motorbike.
c) Do you have a dictionary?
d) She doesn't have a phone.
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) I have got a new pen. (I've got a new pen.)
b) My father has got a motorbike.
c) Have you got a dictionary?
d) She hasn't got a phone.
4Exercice 4
Put the verb in the past (had, didn't have, Did … have).
a) We ... a party last Saturday. (affirmative)
b) I ... breakfast this morning because I was late. (negative)
c) ... you ... a good time at the wedding? (question)
d) Kadiatou ... malaria last month. (affirmative)
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) We had a party last Saturday.
b) I didn't have breakfast this morning because I was late.
c) Did you have a good time at the wedding?
d) Kadiatou had malaria last month.
5Exercice 5
(Reading and writing) Read the text and answer the questions.
*My name is Lansana. I live in Boké with my family. We have a small house near the school. My father has a taxi and my mother has a shop. I have one sister, Hawa. She has long hair and big eyes. We don't have a television, but we have a radio. Every evening, we have dinner together in the yard.*
a) Where does Lansana live?
b) What does his father have?
c) Does the family have a television? Give a short answer.
d) What does Hawa look like?
e) Find in the text one expression where have means "prendre".
f) Write four sentences about what you and your family have (use have, has, don't have).
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) He lives in Boké.
b) He has a taxi.
c) No, they don't.
d) She has long hair and big eyes.
e) We have dinner together (have dinner = prendre le dîner).
f) Example answer: I have two sisters. My mother has a sewing machine. We have a small garden. We don't have a car.
Cherche d’abord seul, sur ton cahier, puis ouvre le corrigé pour comparer.
6Je vérifie
Choisis une réponse pour chaque question : la correction s’affiche aussitôt.
Crée ton compte élève gratuit pour cocher les leçons terminées, suivre ta progression et gagner des points au QCM.
